Method of making resistant surfaces.



A. D. MORRIS.

METHOD OF MAKING RESISTANT SURFACES.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 2, 1 07. RENEWED DBO. 21, 1912. 1,072,026.

INVENTOR MM 2). WM

Patented Sept. 2, 1913.

WITNESSES:

BY 9 4 $1M 3L ATTORNEY SATES ABUHIZBALD I). 'MG'RBIS, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., KSSIG'NOR, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, "IO MURRAY AND JACOBS MANU'FBDTURING COMPANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A COR- PO'RATION 01! NEW YORK.

METHOD OF MAKING RESISTANT SURFACES.

Specification of Letters Intent.

Application fled august 2, 1007, Serial No.386,709.

Patentedsept. 2, 1913. .Renewod December 27, 18.1.2. Serial No. 738,967.

To all whom it may-concern 3 it known that I, Moral-Benn D. Mon-g ms, a, citizen of the United some, and a; resident-of New York, county and State of} New Ycmk, have invented certain new and, useful Improvements in the Method of Mek- Resistant Smrfa'ces, of which the followw; is a specification. l y invention relnates to the zmanufactureg of surfaces adapted to resist abrasion, and more particularly to such methods in thei manufacturing of said surfaces as imdnde; the casting process. In the manufacture 'of surfaces adapted: to resist (abrasion, and more particulanlyl articles adapted to resist abrasion by the im- 1 t of rticles of abrasive material movmg at high velocities, as in dredging amps and pipes, disintegrating mills, and t elike,1 the most improved method com rises the, casting process in which a 'li ul for exam e, molten metal, is intro uced into a mold upon a surface of comminuted nesistant material into the interstices of which the liquid cpene without destroying the elements thereof and thereaztter becomes sufficiently rigid to resist effectively displacement of the elements by ahradant. While this process produces the best results yet attained, has nevertheless been found wanting in the particular that when 'the Map-lid, as for example molten :metal, has been poured into the mold, it has frequently happened that the particles or elements of the resistant material will become disturbed mdisnrranged by the xflow of the liquid with the result that the resistant surface of the finished .odmct will be uneven and .in places heme of e resistant elements.

Objects of the invention, therefore, are to overcome the shore noted defect, and to provide a method whereby such surfaces may be given the desired shape and dimensioms and uniformity and completeness surface, and may be produced easily :and cheaply. These and other objects of the invention will in part be obvious and in :part he more fully explained by the follow 4mg description.

The invention consists in the novel od, steps, and improvements herein set tooth According to certain features of the invention, a surteee of the charecter described my be produced-by formin a mold for the article, coating a mold sur ace which is to form a resistant surface of the article with a layer of the coimninuted resistant materxa'hcovering said layer to protect it from disturbance, and introducing into the mold a which penetrate the said layer wlthout destroying the elements thereof and which will thereafter become sufficiently rigid to efi'eotively resist displacement of the said elements b the abradant. For example, a surface 0 the character described may be produced by forming a sand mold, such .as those employed for making iron castings, coating a mold surface which is to dorm a resistant surface of the article with a layer of comminuted resistant muterial which is harder, and preferably some what finer, than the fragments of the abradnnt material. This layer should cover the surface of the mold so that the interstices between the particles or elements should at the least be as small as the particles of the abra dant. The layer may be, and preferably is, given a substantial thickness, as, say, from a thirty-second to an eighth or even a quarter of an inch, whe e the coarser grades are employed. The layer of the resistant material, havin been applied to the desired surface or SUIiLCBS of the mold, it is in order to fill the mold with molten iron which will penetrate the layer of resistant material so that, when it cools, it will firmly unite the elements or rticles of the resistant material and 1101 them in such close relation that the iron will be protected from the action of the abradant and at the some time effectively resist displacement ofthe elements of the resistant material by the abundant. In order, however, to avoid displacement of the elements of the resistant material by the flow of the liquid and consequent nneveuness and .)OSSll)l8 bare places in the surface of the linished product, a sheet-of material, in the example given preferably sheet iron, is first placed upon the layer of resistant material and secured against displacement, if desired, in any suitable manner, preferably by anchoring the sheet to the mold, as by passing nails through suitable holes in the sheet and into the sand of the mold, so that when the molten metal is introduced into the metal the sheet metal will remain intact long enough to prevent disturbance of the resistant material; but after the molten metal has become quiescent, the sheet metal will become fused with the molten metal, whereupon the molten mass will enter the interstices of the resistant material and completely unite the same with the cast body.

It will be understood of course that the invention is not limited to the use of the protecting material in a single sheet coverlng the entire layer of the resistant material, as it is obvious that the protecting layer may consist of a plurality of sheets which may or may not cover the entirelayer of the resistant material, it being unnecessary in some cases more than partia ly to cover said layer of resistant material.

According to certain other features of the invention, it may be desirable to use other material than sheet metal or the like for protecting the layer of resistant material fromdisturbance by the flow of the liquld mass, in which case any suitable material may be used which when placed over'the layer will temporarily resist the effect of the liquid so as to protect the resistant layer as described but which will lose its identity in the liquid mass, permitting the metal to enter the interstices between the elements of the resistant material.

In order that my invention may be more fully understood, I have in the accompanying drawing, which is referred to herein and forms a art hereof, illustrated two molds prepare in accordance with certain features of my invention together with the product produced from the mold.

Of the drawing: Figure 1 is a vertical section of a mold for casting a bar or flat plate with a resistant surface; Fig. 2 is a similar view illustrating another form of mold; Fig. 3 is a plan view of the mold illustrated in Fig. 2, parts being broken away; and Fig. l represents a section of an article cast in the mold of Fig. 2.

Referrin now to the drawing in detail, the mold 0 Fig. 1 comprises a drag section 1 in which a mold recess 2 is formed. The lower horizontal surface of this mold recess is represented as having applied thereto a layer 3 of a suitable hard resistant material, the elements of the layer being represented as completely covering the mold surface and as having a substantial thickness or depth. The mold is completed by the cope section 4, in which are formed gates 5 through which the mold may be filled with molten metal. Two sheets 6, 6 of protecting material are shown as partially covering the layer of resistant material, said sheets being held in place, preferably and as shown, by nails 7 In Fig. 2 the material protecting the layer of resistant material is shown as consisting of one sheet 8.

The mold shown in Fig. 2 is slrown partly in plan view in Fig. 3, a plurality of openings 9 being shown as providing for the flow of the molten metal, when desirable; As shown, nails 7 are used to anchor the sheet of protecting material 8.

In Fig. 4 a plate or bar 11 is represented as having embedded in the lower part there of and forming its lower surface, a layer 12 of the resistant material.

Advantages of the method herein set forth for producing articles of the character described are that the resistant surface of the article may be accurately formed and may be even and complete, and also that the article may be produced at only a slight expense in addition to that of an ordinary iron casting. Other advantages will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

It is to be understood that the method of my invention is adapted for the use of various materials both for the surface and the body of an article produced thereby, the materials selected being those best adapted or most suitable for the particular use to which the article is to be applied.

In its broader aspects my invention is not limited to the particular steps or mode of procedure herein specified by way of example, as many variations may be resorted to without departing from the main principles of the invention and without sacrific-' ing its chief advantages.

I claim:

1. The method of producing articles adapted to resist abrasion, which method consists in forming a mold for the article, coating a mold surface which is to shape a resistant surface of the article with a layer of comminuted resistant material, protect- 1ng said layer from disturbance, and introducmg into the mold molten metal, said layer being protected from disturbance from the flow of the metal with a sheet of material of such character that it will unite with the liquid and form a part of the cast body.

2. The method of producing articles adapted to resist abrasion, which method consists in forming a mold for the article, coating a mold surface which is to shape a resistant surface of the article with a layer of comminuted resistant material, protectmg said layer from disturbance with a sheet of metal distinct from the mold and then filling the mold with molten metal.

The method of producing articles adapted to resist abrasion, which method consists in forming a mold for the article, coating a mold surface which is to shape a resistant surface of the article with a layer of comminuted' resistant material, protecting said layer from disturbance with a sheet of metal, anchoring said sheet against displacement, and then introducing molten iron into the mold.

4. The method of producing articles adapted to resist abraslon, which method consists in forming a mold for the article, coating a mold surface which is to shape a resistant surface of the article with a la er of comminuted resistant material, protecting said layer from disturbance, and introducing into the mold molten metal, said layer being protected from disturbance with a sheet of material of such character that it will temporarily protect the layer but will lose its identit 1n the molten metal, permitting the mo ten metal to enter the interstices as aforesaid.

5. The method of producing articles adapted to resist abrasion, which method consists in forming a mold for the article, coating a surface of the mold which is to shape a resistant surface of the article with a layer of comminuted resistant material, protecting said layer from disturbance with a sheet 0 iron, anchoring said sheet in the mold, and pouring molten iron into the mold. a

6. The method of roducing articles adapted to resist abrasion, which method consists in formin the mold for the article, introducing into 51c mold a layer of comminuted resistant material, providing means independent of the mold for protecting said layer from disturbance, securing said means against movement, and pouring molten metal into the mold.

7. The method of producing articles adapted to resist abrasion, which method consists in formin the mold for the article, introducing into t e mold a layer of comminuted resistant material, providing means for protecting said layer from disturbance, and pouring molten metal into the mold, said protecting means being of such nature as to lose its identity in the molten metal.

8. The method of producing articles adapted to resist abrasion, which method consists in forming the mold for the article, introducing into the mold a layer of comminuted resistant material, providing means independent of the mold for rotecting said layer from disturbance, an pouring molten metal into the mold, said independent means being of such nature as to lose its identit in the molten metal.

9. The met 0d of roducing articles adapted to resist abraslon, which method consists in forming a mold for the article, coating a mold surface which is to shape a resistant surface of the article with a layer of comminuted resistant material, covering said layer with means independent of the mold to protect it from disturbance, and then filling the mold with molten metal, said independent means being of such nature as to lose its identity in the molten metal.

10. The method of producing articles adapted to resist abrasion, which method consists in forming the mold for the article, introducing into the mold a layer of comminuted resistant material, covering said layer with a sheet of iron, securing said sheet from disturbance, and pouring molten iron into the mold.

11. The method of producing articles adapted to resist abrasion, which method consists in forming the mold for the article, introducing into the mold a layer of resistant material, providing means for protecting said layer from disturbance, securing said means against movement, and pouring molten metal into the mold.

12. The method of producing articles adapted to resist abrasion, which method consists in formin the mold for the article, introducing into t e mold a layer of resistant material, providing means for rotecting said layer from disturbance, an pouring molten metal into the mold, sald protecting means bein of such nature as to lose its identity in t e molten metal.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification, in the presence of two subscribln witnesses.

ARC IBALD D. MORRIS.

Witnesses:

HELEN B. YOUNKIN, WM. J. DOLAN. 

